Media And Stereotyping On Gender Stereotypes - 1395 Words

Several advertisements in the set of stimuli for these interviews inspired reactions which resonate with this courtship theme. All three informants became emotionally involved in these ads, able to self-project to a tremendous degree and to create imaginative stories about the people portrayed in the ads. Also importantly, the role portrayals of women in these ads were never seen by any of the informants as sexist or inappropriate, contrary to the researcher s own introspection. Dominant Culture Stereotyping on Pinterest | Gender Stereotypes ... It was about time someone addressed the phrase â€Å"like a girl†. It’s full of negativity and perpetuates the stereotype that the way women do things is inferior to the way men do them. So, hold high the foam finger of feminism for this advert that was screened in the Super Bowl, for tackling the issue with true conviction, like a meaty advertising linebacker. Touch down. burgerking.jpg For the first interview, the advertisements were initially presented as a holistic set to encourage comparisons among the ads, and then each ad was discussed individually. As this process was rather cumbersome and resulted in tremendous repetition, for the second interview each ad was discussed only individually. Often, however, this individual presentation did not directly encourage informants to comment on gender in the ads. In the final interview, the researcher clustered the ads into groups of twos or threes that facilitated direct comparisonsShow MoreRelatedComparison of Turkeys in the Kitchen and You Just Walk on By Essays1640 Words   |  7 Pagesargue the theme of gender, and racial stereotypes that have been present in our world from the very beginning. Barry suggests through a sarcastic and humors tone that gender stereotypes have been present since before the start of time; he uses a highly conversational style to prove this, as well as narrates to give the reader a bette r understanding of exactly what he’s talking about. Staples, on the other hand, uses a more authoritative tone to support his theme of racial stereotyping; he also uses theRead MoreGender Stereotyping Standards For Men And Women Across America909 Words   |  4 PagesGender stereotyping sets standards for men and women across America, this being true for the past few hundred years. It is not secret that women are said to be most useful in the kitchen, and that men are to be found somewhere doing hard work, being the bread winner. Also, in the way we allow our young children to be identified; blue means it’s a boy, pink means it’s a girl. As times change, so does society and its mentality as a whole. Some stereotypes have been more difficult to break than othersRead MoreEffects Of Stereotyping In Schools1122 Words   |  5 Pages Stereotyping in High Schools Stereotyping is alive and well in today’s society. â€Å"Stereotyping is a form of prejudice that forms damaging images of an individual, by classifying him or her according to a particular characteristic that is found among the group of people that the individual is associated with†(Malika). Everyone gets stereotyped no matter their gender, color, religion, political view, or how you act. Stereotyping is labeling someone because of who they are or what they do. StereotypingRead MoreGender Labeling And Gender Stereotypes1551 Words   |  7 Pagesand females are Gender Stereotypes (Deaux Kite, 1993). Gender labeling is frequently used in global broadcasting to boost characteristics of how a certain people; those in control of the broadcast- view gender roles and how they want society to view them also. Stereotyping is prevalent in popular television shows, music videos, the workforce and various other advertisement billboards in the U.S. It is difficult to oppose the stereotypical behavior that is displayed in the media that supposedlyRead More Media Stereotypes Essay examples1432 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Stereotypes â€Å"Media stereotypes are inevitable, especially in the advertising, entertainment and news industries, which need as wide an audience as possible to quickly understand information. Stereotypes act like codes that give audiences a quick, common understanding of a person or group of people—usually relating to their class, ethnicity or race, gender, sexual orientation, social role or occupation.† Stereotypes are deeply embedded in every society in numerous ways. The dictionaryRead MoreStereotyping Is Inevitable, By James Baldwin1717 Words   |  7 PagesStereotyping is inevitable, we all do it ad we all experience it, but this does not mean it does not effect us. Stereotypes are all around us. They effect the way we think about ourselves and the way we think about the people around us. Stereotyping leads us to act certain ways and treat people certain ways. At times it can be beneficial to a certain group, but may bring many disadvantages to others. Many times stereotypes limit us and restricting our success in life. In â€Å"A Letter to My Nephew,†Read MoreGender Stereotypes1352 Words   |  6 Pagesname of Tyler. I am a walking victim of Gender Stereotyping. For as long as I can remember I have been stereotyped by my name and always have heard â€Å"Tyler is a boy name†, â€Å"I thought you were a boy when I heard your name† growing up my name was alw ays questioned and people always would ask me the question of â€Å"why did your mom name you Tyler?† After 20 years of life, I am still faced with the question of â€Å"isn’t Tyler a boy name?† I am a walking Gender Stereotype. I have often come to even ask myselfRead MoreThe Negative Effect Of Stereotypes1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe Negative Effect of Stereotypes in Comedy We all laugh at the things we see in the media that are perceived as funny; whether it be appropriate or offensive. One of the most popular subjects that comedians and comedy shows rely on is stereotypes. Stereotypes play a large role in society and the everyday lives of individuals. These stereotypes have resulted in blurred assumptions of others based on what we see and hear in the media. The use of stereotypes in comedy to make something funny has aRead MoreMedia Portrayal Of Gender Stereotypes1268 Words   |  6 Pages Gender stereotyping is usually used in media to improve character traits and create humorous circumstances. When stereotypes are present in popular television shows, audience assume those messages of gender, making it difficult to counter stereotypical behavior. This paper emphasis on gender roles in popular media and it’s important for analysts and educators to identify stereotypical interpretations. Using feminist theory, media de pictions can be understood and studiedRead MoreHow Would You Like It If You Were Continuously Told What1472 Words   |  6 Pagesaccountable for the upsurge of gender stereotyping in today’s society. Some of these issues are things like advertising based around kids and adults and the pay gap between genders. These two influences that generate gender stereotyping which in this case is absurd. In fact, its highly sickening as it’s still happening in the 21st century and nothing has been implemented to change it. Because the construction of gender stereotyping of both males and females in the media is based on outdated and unfolded

Felony Murder Rule Criminal Law Essay Example For Students

Felony Murder Rule Criminal Law Essay Felony Murder Rule Criminal Law 2/19/2009 Melissa Bohling | Felony Murder Rule Many are upset and want the felony murder rule abolished. In California there is a case of Brandon Hein. He got drunk with some friends one night and the group of boys got into a fight with another boy. The boy got stabbed and died. Brandon was not the killer. However, even though the boy that did the stabbing confessed, he was not charged. Instead Brandon was charged and was sentenced to life in prison for doing an average teenage act; drinking. The felony murder rule was applied for in this case and was granted. Brandon was eighteen years old at the time the drunken fight and stabbing took place. He will never get the chance at parole. The boy who did the stabbing gets to go free. Brandon had no prior record (NY Daily News. 2008). The felony murder rule is a violation of human rights. Another case in Florida happened in 2003. Ryan Holle was hung over from a party the night before and wanted to go to sleep. His roommate wanted to borrow the car to â€Å"get some food† so Ryan let him as he had many times before. While Ryan was in bed passed out from drinking, the roommate borrowed the car and ended up committing a robbery and killed a woman. But Ryan, who also had no prior record, was charged and sentenced to life with no possibility of parole (NY Daily News, 2008). What about the roommate who committed the act? Nothing. The felony murder rule comes from the English Common Law. The parliament did away with it in 1957. In 1990, Canada did the same (NY Daily News, 2008). The felony murder rule was brought about in England in the twelfth century. The United States adopted this rule in the eighteenth century. The rule is applied to those that commit an act unintentionally. There is no intent to cause harm (Meadows, 2006). Even though it was done away with in the United Kingdom as of 1957, it is still law with the federal government in many states. â€Å"Felony murder rule perpetrator responsible for committing or found to be involved in a serious felony during which another person dies as a result of that felony. The rule applies even if one does not personally or directly ause a person’s death† (Meadows, 2006). It does not matter if a person committed the crime, if a person were in any way connected, whether through property or knowledge of, they were also responsible as seen in the beginning of this paper. The felony murder rule came about to stop violent crimes that death may be the result. â€Å"Jurisdictions apply for the felony mu rder rule as any death which occurs during the commission of certain specified felonies is murder in the first degree and all the participants in that felony or attempted felony can be charged and found guilty of murder† (Meadows, 2006). California Penal Code Section 189 states that â€Å"murder perpetrated by means of a destructive device or explosive, a weapon of mass destruction, knowing use of ammunition designed to penetrate metal or armor, poison, lying in wait, torture, or attempt to penetrate, arson, rape, carjack, robbery, burglary, mayhem, kidnapping, train wrecking, sex offenses, and firearms discharging from a vehicle is murder in the first degree† (Meadows, 2006). California does have the death penalty and life in prison with no parole for murder. Some get twenty – five years to life. American Law Institute Model Penal Code is robbery, rape, forcible sexual intercourse, arson, burglary, kidnapping, felony escapes, terrorism, and carjacking fall under the felony murder rule (Meadows, 2006). Some believe this felony murder rule violates the Eight Amendment of cruel and unusual punishments. All persons connected are involved in the charge even if they had nothing to do with the crime. Some cases involved in the felony murder rule are: Enmund v. Florida (1982) is about a United States Supreme court ruling of the death penalty. Jackson v. .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 , .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 .postImageUrl , .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 , .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073:hover , .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073:visited , .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073:active { border:0!important; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073:active , .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073 .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua4825cdee83119cbd1b975d9092b7073:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: One Best Friend EssayState (1979) is about robbery and a hostage situation that ended up as a murder, and Tison v. Arizona (1987), which are about three brothers who broke their father out of prison and ended up in a killing spree. (All of which shall be in my presentation of power point). A few articles were found under the felony murder rule. The first one is an article from Winston-Salem Journal (2009). On January 29, in Independence, VA an Ashe county man was convicted of five counts of capital murder and eleven other felonies. He murdered the owner and employees of a Christmas tree farm. There hasn’t been a trial set up yet but it is said to last four to six weeks once it is set. The prosecution wants the death penalty, but the judge needs to review the motion due to the defense saying that the death penalty in Virginia is unconstitutional. This next article comes from the Daily Gazette (2008). On October 7, in Galesburg, IL a man is awaiting trial for murder. A forensic psychiatrist has been brought in to evaluate the defendant. The doctor has thirty days for the evaluation and must send the final report to the judge. The man is charged with seven felonies as well as ten counts of murder in the first degree. He also is faced with the death penalty. The report came back and the defendant is fit for trial and wishes to represent himself. He has sent an application for a gag order to bar his attorneys from talking to the public and also to have them dismissed from the trial. He is upset that his attorneys had filed for the competency review. The third case is from the Appeal – Democrat (2008). On June 28, the defense has sent a motion to keep all Yolo County judges from this case. It is a case of a cop killer. Marco Antonio Topete was charged with killing the Yolo County Sheriff deputy, Tony Diaz. The defendant also has been charged with previous felonies as well as being a gang member and violation of a firearm. The courthouse was shut down so that the other deputies could attend the trial. Following the hearing was the deputy’s funeral. The last article is about a Navy sailor who is charged with the murder of a Newport News reporter who stole his guns. This article comes from the Daily Press (2008). The sailor was stationed on the USS George Washington. On June 19, he fired his gun at a man who was a reporter from the Newport News. The prosecution wants to put the Navy man away for forty-five years (forty-two for murder and three for using a gun as a felon). The man that was shot was said to have broken in to the apartment of the sailor and had taken two guns out of the residence. The sailor and two other men went to the house of the reporter. There the sailor saw his guns that had been stolen. The man was then drug out of his house and into the woods, where he was killed execution style. Even though the other two men were found with the Navy sailor, the Navy man was the only one held responsible. In Des Moines, Iowa the prosecutor John Sarcone would like to see the felony murder rule back in action. They want the Supreme Court to review the Heemstra case, which is about a man who was convicted in 2004. This case went to the Supreme Court in 2008. Since he was only convicted of voluntary manslaughter and was back on the streets within four years, the prosecutor would like the felony murder rule to be reinstated. He wants the man to be convicted of first degree murder. .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 , .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 .postImageUrl , .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 , .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244:hover , .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244:visited , .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244:active { border:0!important; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244:active , .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244 .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7275f9a99c0231b7cdbd20cd68e5c244:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enjoyment and stimulation EssaySince Mr. Sarcone’s arguments he now has instructions for jury when it comes time to a felony first degree murder case. The text book Criminal Law has a legal equation for felony murder: Felony murder = killing of another + Intent to commit during a felony + Killing during perpetration of a dangerous felony + Caused by a felon or felon as consequences of a felony (Lippman, 2006). Becker, T. (2008, October 7). Courts pick doctor for Sheley review. The Daily Gazette, pp. 1-2. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com Boshart, R. (2008). Prosecutors want felony-murder rule returned. Retrieved February 19, 2009, from Prosecutors want felony-murder rule returned Web site: http://www. globegazette. com Dujardin, P. (2008, June 19). Jury recommends 45-year sentence: A Navy sailor is convicted of murdering a Newport News man who stole his guns. Daily Press, pp. 1-2. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com Grodin, C. (2008, May 8). Felony murder rule should be killed. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from NY Daily News Felony murder rule should be killed Web site: http://www. nydailynews. com Lippman, M. (2007). Homicide. In Criminal Law (p. 405). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Meadows, R. (2006, August 2). Felony Murder Rule. Retrieved February 4, 2009, from Choices, Inc. Reckless Indifference Web site: http://www. choicesvideo. com Mitchell, M. (2009, January 29). Documents sealed in tree-farm killings: Judge in Hammer trial also says he will review death-penalty motion. Winston-Salem Journal, pp. 1-2. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com Yune, H. (2008, June 28). Hearing for accused cop killer abruptly halted: Defense wants all Yolo County judges removed. Appeal-Democrat, pp. 1-2. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com

Drug Prevention Campaign Of Las Pinas City Essay Example

Drug Prevention Campaign Of Las Pinas City Essay Different anti-drug laws, agencies and campaigns are created by the government to address drug abuse. Republic Act 91 65, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, was promulgated by the Philippine Government to safeguard its citizen from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs. To ensure a more efficient implementation of the said act, it has provided the local government units with authority to formulate, enact and implement programs to control the increase of drug abuse within their locality. To guarantee a more effective implementation and enforcement of his Act to all the localities, a campaign is made to ensure its successful enforcement and implementation. The Drug Prevention Campaign Program is one of the programs of the national and local government in fighting against the drug dependency among all the levels of society. This program will be effective if the government will respond to the needs of the community and if it will incorporate strong monitoring and evaluating components in enforcing the campaign. Drug Prevention Campaign efforts typically focus on minors children and teens. This campaign aims to reduce the motivation of the individuals to use illicit drugs by increasing their knowledge about the potential negative consequences of drug use. According to Inn Hernandez Maillot (2011), drug Prevention Campaign in the Philippines was designed to contribute in the reduction on intake of illicit drugs among all sectors of society by raising the publics awareness and participation. The program is designed to educate the public of the different kinds of illegal drugs and issues associated with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Prevention Campaign Of Las Pinas City specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Prevention Campaign Of Las Pinas City specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Drug Prevention Campaign Of Las Pinas City specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The campaign commonly uses primary preventive communication through advertising public relations and promotions, source development, and online communication activities. The researchers chose Lass Aphasia City as the local government unit to conduct an assessment of its citizens perception towards the drug prevention campaign implemented within its jurisdiction. The perception of the citizens towards a specific program or campaign of a local government is vital to its success. Governments efforts would not be effective without the help and the cooperation of the people in the community. For generations, the community has served a vital role in terms of offering camaraderie and of acting as a support system of the government. The idea of community may simply come down to supporting and interacting positively with other individuals who share similar interests. Community involvement is a very important aspect of development for any community no matter what the size is. Through community us port and involvement, assessment and understanding the needs of the population will be much easier. It provides a forum for the public to be informed and encourage them to actively be involved in decision making that may ultimately affect their community. Every government program to be successful demands the participation of its citizens. This study aims to determine the impact of citizens perception on decision making taken up by the local government in relation to drug prevention campaign. The researchers measured the perception of the citizens in order to determine whether positive feedback is an indicator of effectiveness or if negative feedback is indicative of program failure. According to Section 51 , Article 7 of Republic Act 91 65, Local Government Units Assistance, local government units shall appropriate a substantial portion Of their respective annual budgets to assist in or enhance the enforcement of this Act, giving rarity to preventive or educational programs and rehabilitation or treatment of drug dependents. This paper looked into how the citizens of Lass Pias City perceive the Drug Prevention Campaign being implemented by their Local Government Unit, more particularly the action taken by the local police and other task force created for the purpose. Conceptual F-ramekin Fig. 1 This figure shows the importance of citizens participation in influencing public decision. The City Government of Lass Pias, in coordination with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PEED), exerts its fort to prevent drug addiction as well as other related crimes within its jurisdiction. Like all other local government units, it aims to protect its citizens from the various implications of illegal drugs. Republic Act 9165, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, has been enacted to protect the society from the harmful effects of using and even selling illegal drugs. Thus, it prevents or reduces the massive supply and demand of these dangerous drugs. Being the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drugs Board, RA 91 65 authorizes PEED to conduct arrests, search and seizures and all other acts in accordance with the law. The law enforcers of the local government should work hand in hand with the said Board. In line with the problem at hand, the researchers of the study attempted to find out the current status of the drug prevention campaign of the law enforcers and the local government in the City of Lass Paisa and also the response of the community in supporting campaign of their local government officials. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the status of the drug prevention campaign implemented by the City of Lass Aphasia and its law enforcers and the receptiveness of the citizens in participating to the local governments managing and programs. Specifically, this study attempts to find the answers to the following questions: 1. What is the current status of drug related crimes in the City of Lass Paisa? 2. What is the present condition of Lass Paisa City campaign against drug addiction? 3. What actions are taken by the local government of Lass Aphasia and its law enforcement unit to prevent drug addiction or abuse? . In what ways does the community show its support in pa artic patting to the local governments campaign against drug addiction? 5. How effective is the drug prevention campaign program of Lass Aphasia City in monitoring and reducing the menacingly increasing number of drug dependents? Sass motions 1 . The local government of Lass Aphasia City is able to l essen, if not fully stub out instances of drug-related crimes within its jurisdiction. 2. Lass Aphasia City is successful with their campaign against drug addiction and was able to establish a drug-free community. . The local government and its law enforcers implement and disseminate the programs in relation to Republic Act 9165 to reduce and prevent the massive increase of drug abuse in Lass Paisa City. 4. The residents are aware and they are participating in the programs of the coal government and its law enforcement units in the campaign against drug abuse. 5. The local government of Lass Aphasia City effectively implements the drug prevention campaign program within its jurisdiction in terms of controlling or reducing the number of drug dependence. Scope and Delimitation The researchers focused on the inquiry about the perception of the citizens in relation to the effectiveness of the drug prevention campaign implemented within the local government of Lass Paisa City. The researchers started formulating their study from the month of December 2011 and ended May 2012. The researchers conducted surveys to the residents and interviews with different local officials of the local government unit. The survey done was limited to 30 respondents from each of the 10 randomly selected bargains within Lass Aphasia City. Significance of the Study This study will benefit the following: Local government and law enforcement Of Lass Pins City- This will help the local government of Lass Aphasia determine whether the projects and programs that are currently implemented in their locality are effective in eradicating or, at least, in lessening the problems of illegal drugs in their community. Parents. This will help them realize that they shall be primarily responsible for the education and awareness of the family members on the ill effects of dangerous drugs and to closely monitor the family members who may be susceptible to drug abuse. Youth. This will aid them to understand and become more aware of the negative implications of using illegal drugs not only to their health but to their future. The said awareness will hinder them from becoming drug users. Future Researchers. This will help encourage other researchers to conduct further studies in line with the implementation ND effectiveness of the said law not only in Lass Aphasia City but in other places in the Philippines. Definition of Terms Board or DB. Refers to the Dangerous Drugs Board under Section 77, Article IX of Republic Act 9165. Dangerous Drugs. Any chemical or biological substance consumed to alter ones mental and physical status and thus identified and prohibited by law. Drug Dependence. Based on the World Health Organization definition, it is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity, in which the use of psychoactive drug takes on a high priority thereby involving, among others, a strong desire r a sense of compulsion to take the substance and the difficulties in substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset, termination or levels of use. PEED. Refers to the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency under Article IX, Section 82 of Republic Act 9165. Pusher. Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away to another or any term, whatsoever, or distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any of such transactions in violation of the law. Rehabilitation Center. Any of the treatment and rehabilitation centers which administer the treatment, after-care and follow-up treatment of drug dependents. It includes institutions, agencies and the like whose purpose are: the development of skills, arts, and technical know-how; counseling; and/or inculcating civic, social, and moral values to drug patients, with the aim of weaning them from dangerous drugs and keeping them drug-free, adapted to their families and peers, and readjusted into the community as law abiding useful and productive citizens. Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature This chapter includes gathered information from books, journals, periodicals ND other on-line references which provided the researchers with facts and data used to support their claims in this study. Foreign Literature According to Foresee (1 993), drug abuse is rife in many countries. Billions of dollars are spent in preventing drug abuse and its proliferation. Drug abuse is not only a domestic problem, but also a worldwide issue. It has caused many different problems across all the levels of society. Drug Education is teaching and communicating to help people avoid harm caused by the abuse of various drugs (Wilson Colander, 201 1). Drug Education is usually done with young people in schools and it is also taught in some communities both the young and the old. According to Herman and Fox (1 970), one of the greatest difficulties in discussing drugs is the lack of understanding of the terminology used. Substances with abuse potential range from simple kitchen spices through common flowers and weeds to highly sophisticated drugs. All these substances may be divided into five categories: 1) narcotics, 2) sedatives, 3) tranquilizer, 4) stimulants, and 5) hallucinogens. Medically defined, narcotics are drugs which produce insensibility or stupor due to their depressant effect n the central nervous system. Included in this definition are opium, opium derivatives (morphine, codeine, and heroin) and synthetic opiates (unfeminine, methadone). As regulated by Federal Narcotics Law, the term narcotics also embraces the coca leaf and its derivative, cocaine. Pharmacologically, this drug is a stimulant, not a depressant, but for law enforcement purposes it is considered a narcotic. All other drugs susceptible to abuse are non-narcotics. According to Hanson and Venture (2008), many people think that todays problems with drug use and abuse are unique to this era. As one reads about ancient culture, however, one realizes that drug use has always been part Of human history. For example, the Grecian oracles of Delphi used drugs, Homers Cup of Helen induced sleep and provided freedom from care, and mandrake root supplied hallucinogenic belladonna compounds. There are numerous descriptions in ancient literature of the use of mushrooms, durra, hemp, marijuana, opium poppies, and so on. Under the influence of some of these, drugs many people experience extreme ecstasy or terror. Some old pictures of demons and devils look very much like those described by modern rug users during so-called bummers or bad trips, Witches beliefs that they could fly may have been drug induced because many of the natural preparations used in Witches brews induced the sensation of dissociation from the body -? in Other words, flying or floating. Some drug use can lead to attempts to regulate it legally. For instances, problem drinking is addressed in the Code of Hamburg (2240 B. C. And is described as a problem of men with too much leisure time and lazy dispositions. Nearly every culture has a part of its historical record laws controlling the use of a wide range of drugs, including tobacco. According to the book of Philip Bean (2008), for centuries many people and institutions have made efforts to limit the use and abuse of various drugs, mostly in the form of legal sanctions and restrictions enforced by governments. However, as democracy has proliferated, an increasing reliance on voluntary limits to promote education is called for. This is not to say that government controls are not widely implemented-a look at U. S. Government spending patterns shows otherwise but it is to say that drugs education has developed into a movement and an industry over the last 40 years. Paradoxically, the success of the prevention efforts led to public apathy. Politicians and other leaders took the cue and put drug abuse prevention on the back burner of policy formation and executive action. At the same time, violence, health care reform, welfare reform, and economic issues generated consternation and contentions debate. It is ironic that alcohol, tobacco and other drug abuse have ties to all of those issues, but somehow apathy remains widespread. This comprehensive approach has led to more awareness of the multiple causative factors of violence, such as poverty, unemployment, the easy availability of firearms, the breakdown of the family, TV and media presentations of violence, and, of course, drugs. All of these issues must be addressed if we are to have an impact on violent crime. Our interest here is particularly on drugs. Drugs are linked to crime in three ways. First, drug addicts commit crimes to support their illegal drug habits. These crimes are usually against property, such as shoplifting, purse snatching, burglary and money is the object. These addicts may become violent if a situation escalates, but violence is not their intent. This type of crime has been the intended result of government drug policies. This conclusion is tempered by the fact that addicts are involved in more crime than non-addicts, prior to the onset of drug abuse. The second connection between drugs and crime is the violence associated with the drugs trade. Potential profits are great, and those involved lack moral constraints against violence, so assault and homicide, are ordinary business practices. This connection was seen during the Prohibition Era when organized crime tried to supply the nations thirst for alcohol. Drug trade violence has been with all illegal drugs, including Arizona, amphetamines, heroin and cocaine. During the 1 9805, crack cocaine came on the scene, and this drug, in particular, was associated with the most excessive and vicious crime and violence drive-by shootings became a common phrase. The third relationship between drugs and crime is a pharmacological one. Consumers of mind-altering drugs can become irrational, excited, agitated or unable to control their anger and violent impulses. Foreign Studies The purpose of the study made by Mary Ann Pent and Gunned Gaur Joshua (2006) Translation in Tobacco and Drug Abuse Prevention Research, is to scribe the translation of research on tobacco and drug abuse prevention from basic science to program development to large-scale program dissemination, and from animal to human studies. Relevant continuity of translation is discussed by referring to two variables that have been studied for their potential relationship to drug use risk in both animals and humans: sensation and novelty seeking and low impulse control. Review of the research indicates relatively slow translation until the early 1 sass. The authors recommend several mechanisms to promote more rapid translation cross types of research that encourage reciprocal rather than unidirectional transmission of knowledge to expedite the development and diffusion of more timely, targeted drug abuse prevention programs. Local Literature According to Llamas (2009), to enhance a quick and comprehensible study of the Dangerous Drugs Act and its application is simply by requiring much effort in understanding the penalties to be imposed for a particular drug or group of drugs. The purpose of law enforcement and of the institution and prosecution of criminal cases and other related proceedings in this Act will to be enough because when you put the law in motion, this will require a basic or working knowledge of pertinent provisions of the rules of criminal procedure and evidence. It is in the non-observance of these legal procedures or rules that criminal cases are sometimes dismissed although the evidence against an accused is strong. To provide a comprehensive knowledge of the Dangerous Drugs Act and how it works for those presently engaged, or in the future, may engage in the business or profession of law enforcement or related works. The author has incorporated into this book a discussion of epics that include basic rules of criminal procedure and evidence, law enforcement methods and pertinent judicial precedents. The subject of the Dangerous Drugs Act is crucial in addressing the problems on illegal drugs. It is, therefore, a must for everybody, especially public officers engaged in law enforcement and related works, lawyers, prosecutors and judges, to be well informed about the different facets concerning dangerous drugs; their sources; manner of preparation and use; how they work and affect users; what physical signs to watch out that will indicate drug use, abuse or diction. Local Studies The undergraduate thesis made by Sanding, Cortez and Metrical entitled Assessment of the Local Government Response to Drug Addiction in the Municipality of Dissimilar, Cavity 1994 ;1998 found out that the local government of Dissimilar has programs for their anti-drug campaign such as the creation of the Municipal Physical Fitness and Sports Development Council (MFC). In this study, the citizens of Dissimilar affirmed that they are aware of the program regarding preventive education and information found in newspapers. However, the citizens are not aware of the said aerogram of the Local Government of Municipality of Dissimilar because of some reasons such as lack of funds, poor implementation and lack of participation from the community. Chapter 3 Methodology This part contains discussions about the method used, sources of data, data instruments and respondents. Research Method and Design The research design used in the study is the Mixed Method of research. According to Crewel (201 2), Mixed Method of Research approaches the inquiry of the combination and association of both qualitative and quantitative forms of research. It involves philosophical assumptions that dude the direction of the collection and analysis of data and the mixture of qualitative and quantitative approaches in many phases in the research process. It focuses on collecting, analyzing and data mixing of both quantitative and qualitative data in a single study or series of studies. Its central premise is that the use of quantitative and qualitative approaches in combination provides a better understanding of research problems than either approach alone. According to the definition, mixed method of research involves both collecting and analyzing qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data includes closed-ended information such as those found on attitude, behavior or performance instruments. In contrast, qualitative data consists Of open-ended information that the researcher gathers through interviews with participants. The general, open-ended questions asked during these interviews allow the participants to supply answers in their own words. The researchers conducted surveys and interviews with persons of authority over data regarding the topic. Sources of Data The monthly reports of the drug abuse cases and the drug abuse crime related incidents from January 2011 to April 201 2 were taken from the Philippine National Police Station of Lass Pias City. For topics related to education, information dissemination, creation and implementation of programs in relation to drug prevention campaign of the locality, the researchers conducted an interview with the Lass Aphasia City Anti-Drug Abuse Council representatives and personnel. The procedure of assessment, recommendation and acceptance for rehabilitation of drug dependents were gathered from the Lass Paisa City Anti-Drug Abuse Council, Rehabilitation Division. Furthermore, the researchers also conducted interviews with officials of different agencies of the government. The information gathered from the said interviews were vital in the completion of this study. The names of the said interviewees are provided for in the next item. Data Instruments Survey. The researchers conducted a survey with randomly selected residents of Lass Aphasia City with 30 respondents for each of the 10 barraging. This was done to help the researchers establish a background on the perception of the citizens regarding the programs created, implemented, and enforcement of the Act by the Lass Pias City Anti-Drugs Abuse Council and the Local police Force. Moreover, the researchers had the opportunity to gauge the effectiveness and efficiency of the Lass Aphasia City Anti-Drugs Abuse Council and the Lass Paisa City Police Department campaign through the citizens response in the survey. The researchers conducted an interview with Mrs.. Mallow Cobol, the technical assistant of Hon.. Oscar C. Penal (incumbent City Councilor of Lass Pias) about the budget and funding of the Anti-Drug Abuse Council. The researchers also conducted an interview with Mrs.. Maria Castillo, Lass Paisa City Anti-Drug Abuse Council staff, Rehabilitation Division, regarding the recommendation, assessment and acceptance for rehabilitation process of rug dependents. To be able to acquire data about the role of the local government in education and distribution of information regarding the drug prevention campaign of the locality, the researchers interviewed Mr.. Andrea D. Pedro, Technical Assistant for Education of Office of the Mayor. In relation to the number of felons caught per month on crimes related to drug abuse and the measures taken up by the law enforcers of Lass Paisa City, the researchers interviewed police Senior Superintendent Ormolu Spatula, Chief of Police of Lass Aphasia City. Respondents Lass Pias City is divided into 20 bargains. These bargains are grouped into two legislative districts, each with its own set of representatives in the city council. All captains of the bargains in Lass Aphasia City, being on the front line and having a direct hand over the problem of the populace, were considered as respondents. The researchers conducted the sun,eye in 10 randomly selected bargains with 30 respondents each, all of whom are residents thereof. Chapter 4 presentation, Interpretation and Analysis Of Data This chapter shows the results of the survey, interview and other important data relevant to the study of the researchers in line with the perceptions of he citizens of Lass Pias City regarding the drug prevention campaign of the City Government of Lass Aphasia and its law enforcers.

Evaluation of Cardiovascular and related Health Interventions in the Uk The WritePass Journal

Evaluation of Cardiovascular and related Health Interventions in the Uk Abstract Evaluation of Cardiovascular and related Health Interventions in the Uk , noo.org.uk/core/eval_websites NHS (2011) ‘Research to improve the health of the public and reduce inequalities in health’, Viewed, Jan 16th 2011, phr.ac.uk/ Steven Allender,  Charlie Foster,  Peter Scarborough,  Mike Rayner (2007), The Burden of Physical Activity related ill Health in the UK, J Epidemiol Community Health  ;61:344-348 Wrenn, B, Stevens, R E and Loudon, L (2006) Marketing research: text and cases (2nd Edition), Routledge, UK

Thin film lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Thin film lab - Essay Example Introduction: Evaporation is a physical vapor deposition process, which involves vaporization of material to be coated through thermo-mechanical treatments, transport of that material in vapor phase to the substrate surface, and consequent deposition on the surface of the substrate based on adhesion (Pulker, 1999). Evaporation is a very common technique for film deposition, which has been used since ages to coat glass, silicon and other substrates with coatings of a very wide range of materials. The most common technique used to characterize film growth for evaporation deposited films employs measurement of surface film resistivity, which depicts the behavior of formation of islands of nuclei of various sizes, followed by Ostwald Ripening, sintering and cluster migration, leading to continuous film growth (Ohring, 1992). Using these vastly used deposition and characterization techniques, we deposited and analyzed copper films. Theory: Evaporation deposition technique involves three e ssential steps (Thornton, 1988): 1. Evaporation of material to be coated to obtain vapors for deposition. 2. Transport of vapors to substrate for deposition. 3. Physisorption of vapors on substrate surface, leading to nucleation and film growth. Resistance heating is a method to carry out evaporation of the target material. This is done simply by using wires or plates of high resistance, which have high resistance heating in accordance with Joule’s Law (COMSOL, 1998-2011). Wires, filaments, boats, plates or other shapes of these heaters may be used in accordance with the shape of the element to be evaporated. Refractory metals such as tungsten, tantalum and others are used for this purpose. Sublimation furnaces, crucible sources or electron beam evaporators can also be used as the heating technique (Ohring, 1992). Vapor phase transport depends on mean free path of the gas used. Mean free path is the average distance that a molecule travels in a gas chamber between two consecu tive collisions (Weisstein, 1996-2007). Pressure is the main factor controlling the mean free path. Depending upon the pressure and mean free path, different pressure ranges are termed as low vacuum, medium vacuum, high vacuum or ultrahigh vacuum as shown below: Figure 1: Vacuum Ranges Shown with Pressure Ranges for Comparison. Illustration from Ohring, 1992. Surface preparation is an essential part of surface deposition processes, which include surface cleanliness, substrate preheating, plasma assistance with evaporation and other factors. All these factors and the processing parameters of the evaporation technique combine to produce the morphology, growth rate and microstructure of the deposited films (Thornton, 1978; Holland, 1956; Caswell, 1963). Experimental Method: As has been mentioned, surface cleaning plays an important role in the deposition. To make sure the substrate is not contaminated – which may lead to deposit contamination – we used gloves throughout t he handling process. The four glass slides were agitated in a vibration tank to loosen contaminants, cleaned with alcohol, followed by blow drying of the cleansed slides with argon. These glass slides were then placed in marked containers. The evaporator preparation consisted of the following steps: 1. Tungsten wire was wound to form a filament. 2. Copper pieces, which were to be evaporated later, were placed on the tungsten filament at three places. 3. Glass slides were placed in premade stencils to ensure

Superman - an American cultural icon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Superman - an American cultural icon - Essay Example in the blue tights and red cape who flew around rescuing anyone in need of help and constantly struggling against a slew of supervillians of various sorts. In many ways, this Superman can be compared to the ancient stories of the half-man, half-god Hercules and his various adventures changed slightly to fit the modern understandings of the world and provide him with powers equally astounding to the modern audience. To understand how and why Superman has become a cultural icon and why he will remain so for many years into the future, it is necessary to understand what is meant by the term ‘icon’, how this term applies to Superman and why this character fits a particular need within today’s social structure. The first step in discovering how and why Superman is a cultural icon of both past and future is identifying exactly what is meant by the term ‘icon’. Fortunately, Margaret Kenna (1985) has already gone a long way toward identifying exactly those elements that define the true make-up of the icon. â€Å"The Greek word ‘eikon’ can be translated as ‘image, picture, portrait, representation.’ The modern use of the word denotes two-dimensional representations such as paintings, photographs, or pictures in magazines and newspapers, and three-dimensional objects such as statues. In certain contexts the word refers particularly to pictures of holy persons and events† (Kella, 1985: 347). Thus, an icon is generally defined as an object that is imbued with divine power of some sort. Taking the religion out of the equation, this equals to super power or power beyond the ordinary strength and abilities of man. In addition to its symbolic relationship with the divine, the making of an icon follows a specific tradition that is intended to provide an even deeper symbolism in that â€Å"the icon is a microcosm of the relationship between the material world, human beings and the divine power believed to have created them all† (Kenna, 1985: 348). Here we

Strategic Management Case Study: Apple

Strategic Management Case Study: Apple 1.0 introduction Strategic management is the art and science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that will enable an organization to achieve its objectives. Strategic management includes a systematic recognition of specifying the firm’s objectives, nurturing policies and strategies to achieve these objectives, and acquiring and making available these resources to implement the policies and strategies to achieve the firm’s objectives. Strategic management, therefore, integrates the activities of the various functional sectors of a business, such as marketing, sales, production etc., to achieve organizational goals. (Lamb, 1984) 1.1 Company background Apple Inc. is an American corporation that designs and manufactures computer hardware, software and other consumer electronics. The company is best known for their Macintosh personal computer line, Mac OS X, extremely loyal user-base, iTunes media application and the iPod personal music player. The company headquarters is in Cupertino, California, CEO and co-founder is Steve Jobs and the company boasts 284 retail locations spanning 10 different countries. Apple was established on April 1st, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. Steve Jobs was said to own 45% of the company, Steve Wozniak with 45% and Wayne with the remaining 10%. While Jobs and Wozniak were young with little to no assets, Ronald Wayne was older with personal assets and was scared to put these at risk. Apple products have been able to achieve the highest rate of sales compared to its competitors in the world, and the company was able to significantly control the electronics market in the world throughout their products. 2.0 strategic analyses Strategic analysis is the process developing a strategy for a business, throughout researching about the business and the environment in which it operate. Strategic analysis involves two scenarios internal to organization and external to the organization. It is important to also remain focused on the destiny or goal and then make relevant analysis internally as well as externally, as the strategic analysis is something which is very wide in nature. (MiHyang, 2010, NCVO newsletter, 2009). The strategic analysis tools gives magical solutions for the company’s head office, so that they can analyze the current internal and external business scenario for advanced planning. The tools that Apple can use are as shown below. 2.1 General environment General environment are the factors and circumstances such as economic, legal, political and social. That affects everyone in the industry generally or the market more or less similarly. Although a business cannot control what takes place in the general environment, evaluating the general environment can allow businesses the opportunity to predict changes and identify future opportunities during a manager’s analysis of the general environment. General environment includes two theory branches. The SWOT analysis which detects the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats an organization may face in the future or is facing in the present. The other theory is the PEST which may affect the general environment of the company. 2.2 PEST analysis As well as the internal factors that can affect an organization’s performance, there are also a number of external factors that affect the organization success in the business world. Many organizations use the PEST analysis in determining the impact of these factors on the organization. Pest analysis consists of four factors political, economical, social, and technological. To achieve the highest benefit from this analysis, organizations must understand the role of each factor. As a company apple Inc. concentrates a lot on PEST analysis and Porter’s five forces. Actually these two theories are considered very important for any successful company. As a company apple cannot control its relationships with other countries such as, china, and Korea. Any political conflicts between United States of America and any of these countries will cause horrible effects on Apple Inc. Since is producing many of its products outside America in Chinese and Korean factories. Any economical crisis will highly have an impact on Apple Company. Although inflation rates will also affect the company, as well as the U.S.D value in international market will also affect the company. Socially the world has changed a lot in the last 5 years with the help of Apple’s advanced technology. Apple contributed in this social change. Apple is required to improve and develop their technologies more and more, so that they can get the highest benefit from the social changes that occur in the world. Apple is a prestige for any high class person, so they should always stay like that. Nowadays technology is improving quicker than before. Apple is considered one of the innovative companies in the world right now, so they always should utilize any development in the technology to innovate and introduce more products to the world. 2.3 Competitive environment The competitive environment is the dynamic system in which your business competes. The status of the whole system controls and sometimes limits the amount of flexibility in your business due to the world economic status. Economical crisis, shortage, and unexpected disasters affect the competitive environment. There are two types of competitive environments direct and indirect competitors. Direct competitors are competitors who produce the same products as yours. They compete with you directly in order to achieve higher revenue than your company. The other type of competitive environment is the indirect competitors. Most of the organizations face competition from suppliers of different products or services. 2.3 Value creating Activities Value creating activities is the set of actions that increase the value of the product, or the service. In order to gain a competitive advantage, throughout this process the product or the service of an organization will achieve a marginal value. If these set of activities are applied properly the organization will gain a competitive advantage on their product or service. 2.3.1 Value chain analysis According to Michael porter a value chain is the set of actions that build up worth at every stage in producing the product. The cost of the product settled by the company is the total of all the expenses paid throughout all stages of producing this product. Value chain analysis is a tool applied by organization, so that they can figure out how to create a great worth for their consumers. 2.3.2 Application to Company The value chain analysis will help in determining the rate of development in Apple Inc and will also detect how Apple uses their resources. This value chain component tends to prove apple’s abilities in the technological branch. Apple was the first company to introduce a digital lifestyle hub. The history of apple is full of technological achievements. Apple operating system is considered more safe and stable than windows. Apple tends to be the best and the first in the technological products achievements. Since Apple rejected to license its operating system to other organizations, the bundled packages of the company developed hardware and software that became the basis of Apple’s production process. Apple considers productivity as an important branch of the designing process. When apple achieved a good market share growth and had a base of loyal consumers who are waiting for apple to introduce a new product, so that they can replace their old product with the new one. Apple saw that it is time for expensive P.C to enter the market. Apple concentrated on achieving more growth than before, so that they can produce a better ‘mousetrap’ all the way through its history. Customer service is one of the main things that make Apple Inc. special in the market. Actually they tend to satisfy the consumer even after buying the product by giving the consumer after sale services and warranty. Apple’s efficient customer service is one of the reasons why loyal consumers never change to another companies selling the same technology. Legally in a changeable innovative market, it is well-known for apple company that it is important to protect their copyrights and maintaining the patent, so that no one of their competitors can use any of the inventions that apple have record it under their name. In the year 2012 Samsung company was fined about 1 billion$ in favor of Apple Inc. because they used two of the invention that apple have record them as a patent. This proves that apple as a company is able to protect their rights from the competitors’ utilization. 2.4 Resource based view RVB is a tool that is used to evaluate the value of organization strategic assets. The resource based view tool is based on the idea that the efficient use of all resources that an organization collects helps in determining its competitive advantage. 2.4.1 Resources Organization resources are all the resources that allow and help a firm to apply and perform its activities. All resources that a firm has may not be strategically related. There are specific resources that are capable to put a firm in position of competitive advantage. There are four components that an organization should have in order to achieve a competitive advantage. These four components form the VRN characteristics. 2.4.2 Core Competencies (Prahald Hamel) Core competencies are a group of supplementary information, abilities, attitudes, and resources in a firm which makes performing a critical process better than other process. 2.4.3 Distinctive capabilities According to john kay distinctive capabilities are a related aspect of organization resources. Organizations with distinctive capabilities have features which other cannot imitate. To achieve a competitive advantage a company must have three distinctive capabilities architecture, reputation, and innovation. 2.4.4 Application to company Apple main resources are its brand name and marketing strategies. Apple has a good reputation in the market, although their high quality products in the market results in having a big base of loyal customer. Apple software also is one of the most resources that the company has. In a nutshell apple as a company have both tangible and intangible resources, but the intangible resources is the main reason for the company success. Apple Core Competencies analysis Adapting a viral marketing strategy from social networking websites was a great step which achieved success in making apple closer to the consumers. Customer loyalty is one of the most important competencies in Apple Company. The company was able to manage keeping their customers loyal to them by attracting them through creating such innovative products, so that customers will always wait for the new products. What makes apple so special is their high ability in protecting their new product details, although there is no any information can be leaked about apple products before introducing them. This proves that apple employees are so loyal to their company by maintaining secrecy about any information regarding new products. 2.5 Organizational performance Organizational performance is tool used to analyze an organization’s performance compared to its goals and objectives. Organizational performance consists of three essential outcomes financial performance, market performance, and shareholder value performance. 2.5.1 Measuring Coo-prate Performance Measuring corporate performance tool is used to evaluate the accomplishments of settled goals in an organization. It also detects any failure in achieving a specific goal. This tool also predicts the future performance. 2.5.2 Meeting the Needs of Stakeholders Achieving success in applying a certain strategy is evaluated through the amount of satisfaction of stakeholders and whether there needs are met or not. To satisfy stakeholders there is a short term and long term success of any business. 2.5.3 Application to company (appendix) Throughout balance sheet a company can measure its coo-prate performance, so that they can get know whether they are gaining profit or not. 3.0 strategy formulation Strategy formulation is the course of action that indicates actions that should be taken by an organization in order to achieve a specific goal. There are some certain steps that should be applied in a chronological order. These steps are as following: value assessment, vision and mission formulation, strategy design, performance audit analysis, gap analysis, action plan development, contingency planning, and implementation. Using these steps in the chronological order shall help an organization in achieving their goals. 3.1 business level strategy Business level strategy concentrates on the position of the firm in the market in compare to its competitors. It also explains the steps and actions taken by the firm in order to value their customers in order to gain a competitive advantage by utilizing essential efficiencies they have in specific products or services markets. There are four main important strategies that are used by organizations in order to gain competitive advantage over competitors. The four generic strategies are as follows: cost leadership, differentiation, focused low cost, focused differentiation. Business strategy level gives a great opportunity for an organization to gain a competitive advantage on its competitors if applied correctly. 3.1.1 Generic competitive strategy In the year 1980 Michael porter developed three generic strategies that are used by an organization in order to gain competitive advantage. These three generic strategies are: cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. 3.1.2 Corporate strategy Corporate strategy is the actions a firm takes in order to achieve business success in the future. It also concentrates on the company adaptations and anticipations toward changes in the business environment. In order to apply corporate strategy it requires concentration on the firm’s activities and the nature of the business it is doing. As well as its position in the market and how wild the competition is with its competitors. 3.1.3 Growth strategy Mostly organizations always have plans for expansion in their business in order to increase revenue. Although there are specific techniques a firm must use in order to apply their growth strategy. The technique an organization use in order to apply growth strategy mostly depends on their financial status, how strong is competition between their competitors, and the rules and regulations of the government in this country. The most common growth strategies are market expansion, market penetration, diversification and acquisition, and product expansion. 3.2.2 Application to Company Apple growth strategy depends on increasing its market demand on its products through product differentiation, through producing unique and attractive products to customers. The company was able to achieve success through this strategy by keeping its brand loyalty in its highest levels. Apple concentrates on certain level of customers. Customers who wish to pay more, so that they can receive high quality products. Through product differentiation apple was able to achieve success and become one of the leading organizations in the world’s market. 4.0 Strategy Implementation Strategy implementation is considered the toughest stage in the strategic management process. Strategy implementation requires managers to apply these strategies and convert it to actions that will achieve success and high performance. 4.1 International Strategy (Organizational and environmental factors) International strategy is a strategy in which an organization introduces and sells their product in other foreign markets. The main reason for applying this strategy is because of the new opportunities an international market introduces to an organization. 4.1.1 Globalization Framework MNC’ stands for Multi National Corporation. MNC’ are organizations that have assets in other countries within its original home land. These organizations may have factories and departments in other countries, although they have a specific main head office in which they manage the organization. MNC’ organizations main goal is to maximize the wealth of shareholders. 4.1.2 Entry mode Strategies Entry mode is a strategy that allows and helps in adjusting the proper time for an organization to introduce their product in another foreign country. Applying this decision is one of the hardest processes in an organization. It may affect the company either negatively nor positively in many ways. 4.1.3 Diamond of National Advantage Porter’s diamond national advantage strategy states that the national the national advantage of a country depends on certain factors. Porter used a diamond shaped diagram to explain and state his theory. He explains the role of the national field that governments create for their business advantage. 4.1.4 Application to company Apple expanded their business through opening many retail stores around the world, having partnerships with other telecommunication companies all over the world. One of the reasons apple expanded in the last years was because of their innovative products which met the customer’s needs Although the company was able to manage their product’s cost through concentrating on certain level of customers specifically high level customers. 4.2 Corporate Governance Corporate governance is rules and policies settled in which an organization is controlled and directed. It also draws structure for an organization to achieve its goals. Actually it includes all the branches of management from planning and controlling to performance evaluation and company disclosure. 4.2.1 Board of Directors Board of directors is a committee chosen by elections in which its main role is to take the responsibility for managing a nonprofit organization. This committee is responsible for holding the funds and assets and any other property that belong to others. Board of Trustees oversees management and counseling issues facing the organization. 4.2.2 Executive Compensation Actually compensation for executive manager is not the same as compensations for normal employees. This happens in mostly all organizations. The executive compensation includes the CEO, CFO, the vice president, and the upper- level managers. These employees are treated in a quite different way from other employees. Their salary and compensation are negotiable and are stated and recorded in the contract. The contract records their salary, compensation, and bonuses. 4.3 Application to company Apple’s board of directors main mission is to assure that the shareholder’s interests are being served. They set standards to ensure the company’s success through maintaining high standards of responsibility and ethics. 5.0 Conclusion Strategic management gives an organization a creative ability in shaping and drawing its future in the market. It gives an organization the ability to launch and create a plan rather than responding to actions, so that they control their destiny. Nowadays any manager or a business owner controlling an organization has recognized the importance of strategic management and the benefits gained from it. Organizations that apply strategic management in their company plans will have high performance levels than companies that aren’t applying this strategy.